Among the many possible reasons for kidney failure, the two most common conditions are diabetes and high blood pressure Hypertension).

Diabetes
There are two types of diabetes, type 1 and type 2.

Type 1 means that your body does not produce enough insulin to handle the sugar in your blood.

Type 2 means that you are not making effective use of the insulin that you produce.

If the condition is not kept under proper control, sugar will start to accumulate in your blood. When the amount of sugar reaches high levels it can start to cause damage to the kidney therefore, reducing its ability to filter out the toxic waste products and fluids. There has been great improvement in the treatment of diabetes however; many diabetes patients may still suffer from kidney damage later on in their life.

High blood pressure (Hypertension)
High blood pressure is the condition when the pressure of your blood against the inner walls of your arteries and veins increases. High blood pressure will cause damage to the small blood vessels in your body and prevent the filtering process to work properly. High blood pressure is generally connected to your general health, diet and lifestyle.

Kidney inflammation
Another common type of kidney disease is inflammation. This will decrease the output of urine, the leaking of blood or protein into the urine, swelling of hands and feet.

Other causes of kidney failure:

Polycystic kidney disease
This is a genetically inherited disease which can cause the formation of large cysts in the kidneys, leading to their failure.

Obstructions(Urinary tract obstruction )
Any obstruction of the outflow of urine may cause it to flow back up into the kidneys, causing damage. Obstructions may be produced by narrowing of the urethra (which often develops before birth), kidney stones, tumors or an enlarged prostate in men.

Repeated urinary infections
This is another condition that could lead to kidney failure. Were recurrent infections cases scars in your kidney and lead them to drop its filtration ability and then failure.